🇳🇱 SPRINKHUIZEN Malou · NETHERLANDS
vs par split: bidding -0.49 · play -0.41
Strength of schedule: opponents averaged -0.10/bd (an easy draw) → opponent-adjusted -0.69/bd
Card play — on target: opening leads 79.4% #54 of 81 · declarer play 66.0% #67 of 81 · defence 74.0% #76 of 81
Bidding activity — not a pass: 45.1% #26 of 81 (214/474)
| vs NT | vs a suit | |
|---|---|---|
| Opening leads | 75.0% (8) | 80.8% (26) |
| Declarer play | 63.6% (11) | 66.7% (36) |
| Defence | 88.9% (18) | 69.5% (59) |
Opening leads by suit led: ♠ 66.7% (9) · ♥ 87.5% (8) · ♦ 90.9% (11) · ♣ 66.7% (6)
vs par by strain: NT -1.32 (44) · a suit -0.75 (126)
vs par by level: part-score +1.95 (60) · game -1.53 (90) · slam -6.60 (20)
By role: declaring -1.02/bd (-3.80 vs par · 93) · defending -0.06/bd (+2.60 vs par · 77)
By vulnerability: vulnerable -0.69/bd (-1.31 vs par · 85) · not vulnerable -0.48/bd (-0.49 vs par · 85)
By round↑ top
| Round | Partner | Opponents | Room | Bds | Butler | Avg | vs par |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Round 1 | A.Oranje | R.Guth – L.Bellicaud | Open | 10 | -11.4 | -1.14 | +0.10 |
| Round 3 | A.Oranje | Z.Ferov – T.Pavlov | Open | 10 | -16.9 | -1.69 | -2.60 |
| Round 4 | A.Oranje | I.De Lorenzo Riestra – S.Jane Marimon | Open | 10 | +31.4 | +3.14 | +4.10 |
| Round 7 | A.Oranje | P.Petrov – A.Bauer | Open | 10 | -0.7 | -0.07 | -2.30 |
| Round 8 | A.Oranje | M.Grochowski – P.Jasinski | Open | 10 | -5.8 | -0.58 | +0.00 |
| Round 9 | A.Oranje | S.Scata – A.Gaiotti | Open | 10 | -26.4 | -2.64 | -3.70 |
| Round 12 | A.Oranje | S.Kodek – R.Stadler | Open | 10 | +3.8 | +0.38 | -0.40 |
| Round 13 | A.Oranje | L.Foale – R.Behr | Open | 10 | +1.2 | +0.12 | -0.70 |
| Round 14 | A.Oranje | S.Caspersen – S.Bune | Open | 10 | -26.0 | -2.60 | -1.70 |
| Round 17 | A.Oranje | L.Grebenar – M.Andricic | Open | 10 | -29.7 | -2.97 | +0.70 |
| Round 18 | A.Oranje | N.Tabata – M.Fragola | Open | 10 | -31.0 | -3.10 | -4.80 |
| Round 23 | A.Oranje | L.Foale – R.Behr | Closed | 10 | +6.1 | +0.61 | +0.60 |
| Round 25 | A.Oranje | R.Luhaorg – R.Piirisild | Open | 10 | -6.0 | -0.60 | -6.10 |
| Round 26 | A.Oranje | P.Plans – M.Mases | Open | 10 | +35.6 | +3.56 | +3.70 |
| Round 28 | A.Oranje | Z.Ferov – T.Pavlov | Closed | 10 | +2.2 | +0.22 | -1.20 |
| Round 29 | A.Oranje | A.Bukat – F.Kurlit | Open | 10 | -32.2 | -3.22 | -1.40 |
| Round 30 | A.Oranje | S.Scata – A.Gaiotti | Closed | 10 | +6.3 | +0.63 | +0.40 |
Every board — best Butler first↑ top
vs par = IMPs this pair scored above (+) or below (−) the board’s double-dummy par — what bidding and play (theirs and the opponents’) added or gave away against perfect play.
| Butler | Round | Opponents | Bd | Contract | Lead | Res | vs par |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| +14.0 | Round 4 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 6 | 3♦ | ♠8 | +3 | +19 |
| +12.3 | Round 12 | 🇦🇹 AUSTRIA | 21 | 6♦ | ♦2 | = | +0 |
| +10.8 | Round 30 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 23 | 3♠x | ♦Q | -1 | +17 |
| +10.2 | Round 30 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 25 | 3NT | ♠3 | +2 | +11 |
| +9.5 | Round 7 | 🇩🇪 GERMANY | 6 | 7♥ | ♥9 | -1 | +14 |
| +9.5 | Round 26 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 17 | 4♥ | ♠5 | -2 | +11 |
| +8.7 | Round 4 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 9 | 3♥ | ♦T | +1 | +10 |
| +8.6 | Round 23 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 14 | 5♣x | ♠A | -1 | +11 |
| +8.2 | Round 26 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 18 | 3NT | ♦3 | = | +11 |
| +7.8 | Round 25 | 🇪🇪 ESTONIA | 4 | 2♠ | ♥A | +2 | +10 |
| +7.5 | Round 30 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 30 | 2♥ | ♠6 | = | +6 |
| +7.4 | Round 26 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 12 | 4♥ | ♣J | -1 | +10 |
| +7.0 | Round 7 | 🇩🇪 GERMANY | 5 | 6♥ | ♦2 | = | +0 |
| +6.8 | Round 23 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 20 | 6♣ | ♦5 | -2 | +0 |
| +6.5 | Round 18 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 23 | 3NT | ♥J | -2 | +8 |
| +6.2 | Round 28 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 4 | 2♥ | ♦4 | -1 | +12 |
| +6.0 | Round 18 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 29 | 6♣ | ♦T | = | -13 |
| +6.0 | Round 25 | 🇪🇪 ESTONIA | 3 | 4♥ | ♣A | -2 | +8 |
| +5.8 | Round 12 | 🇦🇹 AUSTRIA | 24 | 3NT | ♥Q | +1 | +8 |
| +5.8 | Round 17 | 🇭🇷 CROATIA | 11 | 6♥ | ♠A | -1 | +11 |
| +5.6 | Round 12 | 🇦🇹 AUSTRIA | 22 | 5♣x | ♥2 | -4 | +4 |
| +5.1 | Round 28 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 1 | 3NT | ♠J | -4 | +3 |
| +4.7 | Round 1 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 8 | 4♦ | ♥A | = | +6 |
| +4.5 | Round 23 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 16 | 3NT | ♥5 | -2 | +8 |
| +4.4 | Round 8 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 12 | 2♠ | ♦9 | = | +6 |
| +4.1 | Round 23 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 17 | 3♠ | ♦A | +1 | +7 |
| +4.0 | Round 29 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 20 | 4♥ | ♦A | = | +0 |
| +3.8 | Round 8 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 14 | 4♠ | ♦9 | = | +0 |
| +3.8 | Round 13 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 4 | 3♣ | ♠Q | -1 | +0 |
| +3.8 | Round 26 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 19 | 3♣ | ♠Q | = | +1 |
| +3.8 | Round 29 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 14 | 4♠ | ♥8 | = | +0 |
| +3.5 | Round 9 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 27 | 4♦ | ♥2 | = | +1 |
| +3.5 | Round 17 | 🇭🇷 CROATIA | 13 | 2NT | ♥9 | -3 | +5 |
| +3.2 | Round 1 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 6 | 3NT | ♥8 | -4 | +11 |
| +3.2 | Round 4 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 1 | 4♥ | ♦T | +1 | +1 |
| +3.2 | Round 9 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 24 | 1NT | ♥A | +1 | +1 |
| +3.1 | Round 12 | 🇦🇹 AUSTRIA | 28 | 2♥ | ♣8 | -2 | +5 |
| +2.9 | Round 4 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 5 | 2♥ | ♦A | = | +11 |
| +2.8 | Round 17 | 🇭🇷 CROATIA | 15 | 1♥ | ♦5 | -4 | +11 |
| +2.5 | Round 7 | 🇩🇪 GERMANY | 1 | 3♦ | ♦3 | = | +5 |
| +2.5 | Round 25 | 🇪🇪 ESTONIA | 6 | 6♠ | ♣J | +1 | -11 |
| +2.2 | Round 4 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 7 | 2♥ | ♠T | +1 | +0 |
| +2.2 | Round 7 | 🇩🇪 GERMANY | 2 | 3NT | ♥2 | = | -11 |
| +2.2 | Round 13 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 5 | 3NT | ♠5 | = | +3 |
| +2.2 | Round 13 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 8 | 3♣ | ♦3 | = | +0 |
| +2.2 | Round 26 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 11 | 3♥ | ♣A | -3 | +2 |
| +2.2 | Round 30 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 24 | 3♥ | ♠K | -1 | +4 |
| +2.1 | Round 26 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 14 | 4♠ | ♥K | = | +0 |
| +2.0 | Round 26 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 20 | 2♣ | ♦7 | = | +5 |
| +1.9 | Round 14 | 🇩🇰 DENMARK | 19 | 3NT | ♥A | -1 | +5 |
| +1.8 | Round 30 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 26 | 3NT | ♠J | -2 | +8 |
| +1.6 | Round 1 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 3 | 2♠ | ♦6 | -1 | +5 |
| +1.6 | Round 4 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 2 | 1NT | ♦Q | +2 | +1 |
| +1.6 | Round 14 | 🇩🇰 DENMARK | 16 | 4♠ | ♣5 | -2 | +0 |
| +1.5 | Round 3 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 24 | 2♠ | ♠5 | = | +5 |
| +1.4 | Round 3 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 23 | 4♥ | ♠T | = | -13 |
| +1.4 | Round 3 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 27 | 4♥ | ♣2 | = | -1 |
| +1.3 | Round 26 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 15 | 3NT | ♠8 | +2 | +0 |
| +1.2 | Round 13 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 9 | 4♠ | ♣4 | +1 | +13 |
| +1.2 | Round 17 | 🇭🇷 CROATIA | 14 | 3NT | ♥3 | +1 | -1 |
| +1.0 | Round 14 | 🇩🇰 DENMARK | 13 | 2♥ | ♠6 | +1 | +0 |
| +1.0 | Round 25 | 🇪🇪 ESTONIA | 5 | 4♠ | ♣5 | = | +0 |
| +0.8 | Round 3 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 30 | 3♥ | ♦A | -1 | -3 |
| +0.7 | Round 4 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 3 | 3♥ | ♣J | +2 | -2 |
| +0.7 | Round 13 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 7 | 4♥ | ♠7 | +2 | -12 |
| +0.6 | Round 1 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 9 | 2♠ | ♣A | = | +0 |
| +0.6 | Round 4 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 8 | 3NT | ♣2 | = | +0 |
| +0.6 | Round 29 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 18 | 3♦ | ♦8 | -1 | +1 |
| +0.5 | Round 23 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 19 | 4♥ | ♣A | = | +0 |
| +0.5 | Round 28 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 8 | 3♠ | ♦Q | +2 | +6 |
| +0.5 | Round 30 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 22 | 4♠ | ♠J | = | +1 |
| +0.4 | Round 13 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 6 | 6NT | ♥4 | +1 | -11 |
| +0.3 | Round 1 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 7 | 3NT | ♥A | +1 | -12 |
| +0.2 | Round 8 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 15 | 4♠ | ♥J | = | +1 |
| +0.2 | Round 28 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 5 | 5♦ | ♣Q | = | -17 |
| +0.1 | Round 14 | 🇩🇰 DENMARK | 20 | 4♠ | ♥2 | +1 | +0 |
| +0.1 | Round 28 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 7 | 3NT | ♥2 | +2 | +0 |
| -0.0 | Round 9 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 25 | 3♥ | ♦9 | +1 | +6 |
| +0.0 | Round 13 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 10 | 6♠ | ♥3 | = | +0 |
| -0.1 | Round 3 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 28 | 2♦ | ♦8 | +1 | +0 |
| -0.1 | Round 12 | 🇦🇹 AUSTRIA | 23 | 3NT | ♦2 | = | -2 |
| -0.3 | Round 17 | 🇭🇷 CROATIA | 17 | 2♦ | ♣6 | +2 | +7 |
| -0.4 | Round 14 | 🇩🇰 DENMARK | 15 | 4♠ | ♣2 | +3 | +17 |
| -0.4 | Round 23 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 18 | 2♥ | ♣Q | = | +1 |
| -0.4 | Round 26 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 13 | 4♠ | ♠7 | = | -3 |
| -0.5 | Round 9 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 30 | 3♠ | ♦2 | = | -7 |
| -0.5 | Round 12 | 🇦🇹 AUSTRIA | 26 | 3NT | ♠A | -1 | -1 |
| -0.5 | Round 18 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 27 | 2♦ | ♥J | +3 | +6 |
| -0.5 | Round 26 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 16 | 3NT | ♣7 | = | +0 |
| -0.5 | Round 29 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 13 | 3NT | ♥6 | +2 | +13 |
| -0.6 | Round 3 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 25 | 2♦ | ♦2 | +2 | +7 |
| -0.6 | Round 7 | 🇩🇪 GERMANY | 10 | 3♦ | ♥4 | = | -1 |
| -0.6 | Round 8 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 16 | 3NT | ♠2 | = | +0 |
| -0.6 | Round 8 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 17 | 3♠ | ♦7 | +1 | +6 |
| -0.8 | Round 4 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 4 | 4♥ | ♣K | = | +0 |
| -0.8 | Round 25 | 🇪🇪 ESTONIA | 8 | 4♥ | ♠2 | +1 | +0 |
| -0.9 | Round 28 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 2 | 2♠ | ♥K | +1 | +7 |
| -1.0 | Round 3 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 29 | 3NT | ♣A | = | +0 |
| -1.0 | Round 25 | 🇪🇪 ESTONIA | 7 | 6♥ | ♠Q | +1 | -13 |
| -1.0 | Round 25 | 🇪🇪 ESTONIA | 10 | 4♠ | ♦5 | +2 | -13 |
| -1.1 | Round 17 | 🇭🇷 CROATIA | 18 | 4♠ | ♥8 | +1 | +10 |
| -1.1 | Round 18 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 26 | 2♠ | ♣A | = | +0 |
| -1.1 | Round 28 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 6 | 3NT | ♠2 | +2 | -1 |
| -1.2 | Round 7 | 🇩🇪 GERMANY | 3 | 5♣x | ♥A | -3 | -4 |
| -1.2 | Round 12 | 🇦🇹 AUSTRIA | 30 | 4♠ | ♦A | = | +1 |
| -1.4 | Round 8 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 20 | 2NT | ♦2 | +1 | -10 |
| -1.4 | Round 25 | 🇪🇪 ESTONIA | 1 | 3NT | ♣5 | +1 | -11 |
| -1.7 | Round 4 | 🇪🇸 SPAIN | 10 | 4♥ | ♦7 | = | +1 |
| -1.7 | Round 12 | 🇦🇹 AUSTRIA | 25 | 3♠ | ♣K | = | -6 |
| -1.8 | Round 28 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 9 | 4♠ | ♦Q | -1 | -5 |
| -1.9 | Round 18 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 22 | 4♥ | ♦A | +1 | -1 |
| -1.9 | Round 29 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 16 | 4♠ | ♦A | +2 | +9 |
| -2.0 | Round 8 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 13 | 3NT | ♠A | -2 | -8 |
| -2.0 | Round 13 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 3 | 3♣ | ♠5 | = | +0 |
| -2.2 | Round 13 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 1 | 4♠ | ♦A | = | +0 |
| -2.2 | Round 18 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 21 | 2♠ | ♥2 | +2 | -6 |
| -2.3 | Round 8 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 19 | 3♣ | ♠A | -1 | -4 |
| -2.4 | Round 28 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 3 | 3NT | ♠Q | -1 | -5 |
| -2.5 | Round 23 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 13 | 2♣ | ♠8 | +2 | +1 |
| -2.5 | Round 29 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 15 | 1NT | ♦K | +1 | +1 |
| -2.6 | Round 1 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 4 | 4♥ | ♣J | -2 | +7 |
| -3.2 | Round 14 | 🇩🇰 DENMARK | 12 | 2♦ | ♥A | = | -6 |
| -3.3 | Round 23 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 11 | 3NT | ♥T | +1 | -1 |
| -3.5 | Round 7 | 🇩🇪 GERMANY | 9 | 4♠ | ♦J | -1 | +1 |
| -3.5 | Round 8 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 18 | 4♥ | ♣A | +1 | -1 |
| -3.5 | Round 9 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 22 | 3♣ | ♥5 | -1 | -3 |
| -3.7 | Round 28 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 10 | 3NT | ♠T | -1 | -12 |
| -3.8 | Round 1 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 1 | 4♠ | ♦J | +2 | -2 |
| -3.8 | Round 8 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 11 | 3NT | ♥9 | +2 | +10 |
| -3.8 | Round 23 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 12 | 3NT | ♣4 | -3 | -9 |
| -3.9 | Round 9 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 26 | 3NT | ♠2 | +1 | +0 |
| -4.1 | Round 18 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 30 | 4♥ | ♠7 | -1 | -5 |
| -4.5 | Round 14 | 🇩🇰 DENMARK | 14 | 3♦ | ♠8 | -1 | -10 |
| -4.6 | Round 30 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 29 | 4♥ | ♦A | -1 | -12 |
| -4.8 | Round 7 | 🇩🇪 GERMANY | 8 | 4♠ | ♣Q | -1 | -8 |
| -4.8 | Round 17 | 🇭🇷 CROATIA | 12 | 2♠x | ♠A | -1 | -2 |
| -4.9 | Round 1 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 5 | 4♣ | ♦K | -3 | -5 |
| -5.0 | Round 30 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 21 | 6♦ | ♠A | = | -7 |
| -5.1 | Round 7 | 🇩🇪 GERMANY | 7 | 2♠ | ♦A | = | -5 |
| -5.1 | Round 13 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 2 | 6♠ | ♦8 | = | +0 |
| -5.2 | Round 1 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 10 | 5♣x | ♠Q | -3 | -4 |
| -5.2 | Round 9 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 28 | 3NT | ♠2 | -1 | -10 |
| -5.3 | Round 1 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 2 | 4♥ | ♣J | -1 | -5 |
| -5.3 | Round 30 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 27 | 4♠ | ♥2 | -1 | -10 |
| -5.5 | Round 9 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 21 | 4♠ | ♦J | = | -10 |
| -5.6 | Round 3 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 22 | 6♠ | ♣4 | +1 | -13 |
| -5.7 | Round 14 | 🇩🇰 DENMARK | 18 | 3NT | ♦8 | -1 | -10 |
| -5.8 | Round 3 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 21 | 3♠ | ♣Q | +1 | -1 |
| -5.9 | Round 9 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 29 | 2♠ | ♦A | +2 | -1 |
| -5.9 | Round 29 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 17 | 5♥x | ♠4 | -1 | -9 |
| -6.7 | Round 7 | 🇩🇪 GERMANY | 4 | 3NT | ♣J | -3 | -14 |
| -7.5 | Round 12 | 🇦🇹 AUSTRIA | 27 | 3NT | ♣Q | = | +0 |
| -8.3 | Round 14 | 🇩🇰 DENMARK | 17 | 6♥ | ♠A | = | -5 |
| -8.4 | Round 23 | 🏴 SCOTLAND | 15 | 4♥ | ♦3 | -1 | -12 |
| -8.5 | Round 14 | 🇩🇰 DENMARK | 11 | 4♥ | ♦A | = | -8 |
| -8.6 | Round 9 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 23 | 3NT | ♦7 | -3 | -14 |
| -8.9 | Round 3 | 🇧🇬 BULGARIA | 26 | 5♥ | ♠A | -1 | -7 |
| -9.0 | Round 25 | 🇪🇪 ESTONIA | 2 | 6NT | ♦J | -1 | -17 |
| -9.2 | Round 29 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 19 | 4♠ | ♥8 | -1 | -11 |
| -9.9 | Round 18 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 28 | 4♥ | ♠J | -2 | -11 |
| -10.1 | Round 17 | 🇭🇷 CROATIA | 16 | 1NTx | ♥3 | -3 | -5 |
| -10.1 | Round 25 | 🇪🇪 ESTONIA | 9 | 6♥ | ♦8 | -1 | -14 |
| -10.2 | Round 29 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 12 | 3♦ | ♥A | -3 | -10 |
| -10.4 | Round 29 | 🇵🇱 POLAND | 11 | 4♥ | ♠Q | = | -8 |
| -10.7 | Round 18 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 24 | 6♠x | ♣6 | -2 | -9 |
| -11.8 | Round 30 | 🇮🇹 ITALY | 28 | 6♠ | ♥6 | -1 | -14 |
| -12.0 | Round 12 | 🇦🇹 AUSTRIA | 29 | 4♠ | ♣K | +2 | -13 |
| -13.1 | Round 18 | 🇫🇷 FRANCE | 25 | 6♠ | ♦4 | -1 | -17 |
| -13.2 | Round 17 | 🇭🇷 CROATIA | 20 | 4♥ | ♣5 | -3 | -16 |
| -13.5 | Round 17 | 🇭🇷 CROATIA | 19 | 6♣ | ♦K | = | -13 |