Round 3 — U26 Teams

11 matches. → cumulative standings · → board records

Round 3 results↑ top

Every match of the round — teams, IMPs and VPs. Click a table number or ‘protocol’ for the full board-by-board scorecard below.

TableHome teamVisiting teamIMP (home)IMP (visit)VP (home)VP (visit)
1DENMARKGERMANY281214.295.71protocol →
2SWEDENCROATIA462016.233.77protocol →
3BULGARIASLOVAKIA572816.723.28protocol →
4FRANCERUSSIA661419.490.51protocol →
5LATVIAESTONIA36418.4711.53protocol →
6NETHERLANDSTURKEY62020.000.00protocol →
7AUSTRIAISRAEL2570.2519.75protocol →
8IRELANDCZECH REPUBLIC39419.3710.63protocol →
9SCOTLANDITALY211910.639.37protocol →
10FINLANDPOLAND13581.1918.81protocol →
11NORWAYPORTUGAL35389.0610.94protocol →

Standings after round 3↑ top

Cumulative Victory Points through round 3 — the league table as it stood after this round. → full standings, every round & players

PlaceTeamVPR3Pld
1🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS52.6320.003
2🇫🇷 FRANCE50.1219.493
3🇮🇱 ISRAEL44.1119.753
4🇮🇹 ITALY43.979.373
5🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND43.5610.633
6🇸🇪 SWEDEN40.3216.233
7🇵🇱 POLAND39.9918.813
8🇨🇿 CZECH REPUBLIC39.8110.633
9🇮🇪 IRELAND37.589.373
10🇩🇪 GERMANY36.135.713
11🇩🇰 DENMARK35.9714.293
12🇳🇴 NORWAY34.319.063
13🇧🇬 BULGARIA31.3416.723
14🇵🇹 PORTUGAL27.8310.943
15🇱🇻 LATVIA26.928.473
16🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 ENGLAND24.2112.003
17🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA21.243.283
18🇪🇪 ESTONIA21.1111.533
19🇷🇺 RUSSIA10.830.513
20🇹🇷 TURKEY10.450.003
21🇭🇷 CROATIA9.093.773
22🇫🇮 FINLAND8.391.193
23🇦🇹 AUSTRIA5.690.253

Butler by cross-IMPs over this round's field — each player’s per-board mean cross-IMP vs the whole field.

Round 3 Butler standings↑ top

PlacePlayerTeamBoardsR3Avg/bd
1J.Patreuha🇵🇱 POLAND15+47.7+3.18
1P.Patreuha🇵🇱 POLAND15+47.7+3.18
3I.Baniri🇮🇱 ISRAEL15+40.1+2.67
3A.Yekutieli🇮🇱 ISRAEL15+40.1+2.67
5V.Kiljan🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS15+36.1+2.41
5L.Tijssen🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS15+36.1+2.41
7B.Combescure🇫🇷 FRANCE15+34.4+2.29
7C.Deheeger🇫🇷 FRANCE15+34.4+2.29
9R.Maide🇪🇪 ESTONIA15+27.5+1.83
9T.Piibeleht🇪🇪 ESTONIA15+27.5+1.83
11G.Mendes De Leon🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS15+26.3+1.75
11T.Sprinkhuizen🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS15+26.3+1.75
13A.Boulin🇫🇷 FRANCE15+22.3+1.49
13T.Guillemin🇫🇷 FRANCE15+22.3+1.49
15M.Balodis🇱🇻 LATVIA15+19.6+1.31
15J.Ilzins🇱🇻 LATVIA15+19.6+1.31
17M.Andonov🇧🇬 BULGARIA15+18.0+1.20
17G.Teneva🇧🇬 BULGARIA15+18.0+1.20
19S.Hult🇸🇪 SWEDEN15+17.1+1.14
19J.Matsson🇸🇪 SWEDEN15+17.1+1.14
21O.Toledano🇮🇱 ISRAEL15+16.4+1.09
21A.Zamir🇮🇱 ISRAEL15+16.4+1.09
23T.Pavlov🇧🇬 BULGARIA15+16.1+1.07
23V.Yotov🇧🇬 BULGARIA15+16.1+1.07
25L.Obrien🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND15+14.8+0.99
25R.Valentine🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND15+14.8+0.99
27G.Donati🇮🇹 ITALY15+10.0+0.67
27S.Scata🇮🇹 ITALY15+10.0+0.67
29S.Bune🇩🇰 DENMARK15+9.9+0.66
29S.Caspersen🇩🇰 DENMARK15+9.9+0.66
31I.Gronkvist🇸🇪 SWEDEN15+9.8+0.65
31J.Safsten🇸🇪 SWEDEN15+9.8+0.65
33M.Ferreira🇵🇹 PORTUGAL15+8.8+0.59
33C.Pimenta🇵🇹 PORTUGAL15+8.8+0.59
35C.Bakke🇳🇴 NORWAY15+8.1+0.54
35E.Flatt🇳🇴 NORWAY15+8.1+0.54
37L.Kolek🇨🇿 CZECH REPUBLIC15+6.8+0.45
37J.Vojtik🇨🇿 CZECH REPUBLIC15+6.8+0.45
39C.Lahrmann🇩🇰 DENMARK15+6.3+0.42
39A.Plejdrup🇩🇰 DENMARK15+6.3+0.42
41S.Barr🇮🇪 IRELAND15+3.9+0.26
41J.Connolly🇮🇪 IRELAND15+3.9+0.26
43G.Ahlvik🇫🇮 FINLAND15+0.6+0.04
43M.Myllaeri🇫🇮 FINLAND15+0.6+0.04
45B.Krawczyk🇵🇱 POLAND15-0.6-0.04
45M.Szymanski🇵🇱 POLAND15-0.6-0.04
47M.Botur🇨🇿 CZECH REPUBLIC15-3.9-0.26
47L.Kohutova🇨🇿 CZECH REPUBLIC15-3.9-0.26
49F.Alter🇩🇪 GERMANY15-6.3-0.42
49L.Streck🇩🇪 GERMANY15-6.3-0.42
51DONNELLY MICHAEL🇮🇪 IRELAND15-6.8-0.45
51N.Doyle🇮🇪 IRELAND15-6.8-0.45
53J.Moraes🇵🇹 PORTUGAL15-8.1-0.54
53M.Ribeiro🇵🇹 PORTUGAL15-8.1-0.54
55J.Saether🇳🇴 NORWAY15-8.8-0.59
55M.Scheie🇳🇴 NORWAY15-8.8-0.59
57M.Grguric🇭🇷 CROATIA15-9.8-0.65
57A.Mijic🇭🇷 CROATIA15-9.8-0.65
59M.Litterst🇩🇪 GERMANY15-9.9-0.66
59S.Van Oosten🇩🇪 GERMANY15-9.9-0.66
61A.Chow🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND15-10.0-0.67
61G.Falconer🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND15-10.0-0.67
63A.Calmanovici🇮🇹 ITALY15-14.8-0.99
63A.Manganella🇮🇹 ITALY15-14.8-0.99
65R.Gabriel🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA15-16.1-1.07
65J.Jakabsic🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA15-16.1-1.07
67P.Crisafulli Sadaba🇦🇹 AUSTRIA15-16.4-1.09
67S.Hermann🇦🇹 AUSTRIA15-16.4-1.09
69M.Ferenca🇭🇷 CROATIA15-17.1-1.14
69K.Stefanec🇭🇷 CROATIA15-17.1-1.14
71J.Kvocek🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA15-18.0-1.20
71M.Vodicka🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA15-18.0-1.20
73M.Iher🇪🇪 ESTONIA15-19.6-1.31
73R.Zvorovski🇪🇪 ESTONIA15-19.6-1.31
75P.Smirnova🇷🇺 RUSSIA15-22.3-1.49
75M.Vinogradova🇷🇺 RUSSIA15-22.3-1.49
77S.Akdas🇹🇷 TURKEY15-26.3-1.75
77E.Imdat🇹🇷 TURKEY15-26.3-1.75
79M.Maasik🇱🇻 LATVIA15-27.5-1.83
79K.Pruul🇱🇻 LATVIA15-27.5-1.83
81I.Postovalov🇷🇺 RUSSIA15-34.4-2.29
81Z.Zvezdin🇷🇺 RUSSIA15-34.4-2.29
83H.Kuscu🇹🇷 TURKEY15-36.1-2.41
83T.Sari🇹🇷 TURKEY15-36.1-2.41
85P.Scheberan🇦🇹 AUSTRIA15-40.1-2.67
85S.Thorpe🇦🇹 AUSTRIA15-40.1-2.67
87A.Koivu🇫🇮 FINLAND15-47.7-3.18
87A.Nieminen🇫🇮 FINLAND15-47.7-3.18

🇩🇰 DENMARK vs 🇩🇪 GERMANY 14.29 : 5.71 VP (match 82036) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSS.Bune – S.Caspersen EWM.Litterst – S.Van Oosten
Closed room
NSF.Alter – L.Streck EWC.Lahrmann – A.Plejdrup
BdOpen room
NSS.Bune – S.Caspersen EWM.Litterst – S.Van Oosten
Closed room
NSF.Alter – L.Streck EWC.Lahrmann – A.Plejdrup
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerDENMARKGERMANY
4♠E♣3-21000.54♠xE♠4-23004.25
4♥N♠9-11001.24♥N♠9-11001.2
4♠xS♠3-11001.25♠xS♠3-23002.85
4♠N♣8+16501.83NTS♣K-220011.813
3NTW♠J-31501.23NTE♠K-31501.2
3♦S♥7=1102.83♣E♦Q=1102.96
4♥E♠5+16500.24♥W♠Q+16500.2
3♦E♠J-21000.73♦E♣A-1500.92
3NTN♠6+14300.73NTN♠6+14300.7
3NTN♥J+36901.43NTN♦6+36901.4
3NTN♥4-42006.43NTN♥2-42006.4
5♣xW♠6-23007.95♣xW♠5-23007.9
2♠E♥K+21701.74♠W♣A-11004.57
2♥N♠Q+21700.71NTE♦A-21001.52
2♠W♣K+32004.33♠E♥9+22004.3
ΣButler / IMPsNS+9.9NS-6.32812
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
🇩🇰🇩🇪
4♠E-21000.55
4♠xE-23004.2
4♥N-11001.2
4♥N-11001.2
4♠xS-11001.25
5♠xS-23002.8
4♠N+16501.813
3NTS-220011.8
3NTW-31501.2
3NTE-31501.2
3♦S=1102.86
3♣E=1102.9
4♥E+16500.2
4♥W+16500.2
3♦E-21000.72
3♦E-1500.9
3NTN+14300.7
3NTN+14300.7
3NTN+36901.4
3NTN+36901.4
3NTN-42006.4
3NTN-42006.4
5♣xW-23007.9
5♣xW-23007.9
2♠E+21701.77
4♠W-11004.5
2♥N+21700.72
1NTE-21001.5
2♠W+32004.3
3♠E+22004.3
ΣButler OpenNS+9.92812
Butler ClosedNS-6.3
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
🇩🇰 S.Bune15+9.9+0.66
🇩🇰 S.Caspersen15+9.9+0.66
🇩🇰 C.Lahrmann15+6.3+0.42
🇩🇰 A.Plejdrup15+6.3+0.42
🇩🇪 F.Alter15-6.3-0.42
🇩🇪 L.Streck15-6.3-0.42
🇩🇪 M.Litterst15-9.9-0.66
🇩🇪 S.Van Oosten15-9.9-0.66

🇸🇪 SWEDEN vs 🇭🇷 CROATIA 16.23 : 3.77 VP (match 82037) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSJ.Safsten – I.Gronkvist EWA.Mijic – M.Grguric
Closed room
NSK.Stefanec – M.Ferenca EWJ.Matsson – S.Hult
BdOpen room
NSJ.Safsten – I.Gronkvist EWA.Mijic – M.Grguric
Closed room
NSK.Stefanec – M.Ferenca EWJ.Matsson – S.Hult
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerSWEDENCROATIA
4♠xE♠3-23004.23♠E♠4-1501.96
4♥S♦K-11001.23♣E♥5-21003.85
4♠S♣K-1502.65♥E♦A=6508.712
4♠N♦10+16501.84♠N♥5+16501.8
3NTE♠K-52504.03♦W♠J-1501.75
2NTS♥6-21002.52♠N♦4=1102.85
4♥W♣9=6200.84♥W♠Q+16500.21
2♠N♦K+21702.61NTE♣A-21000.72
3NTN♠6=4000.23NTS♠Q+24601.82
4NTN♠K=6303.23NTN♥J+36901.42
3NTN♥4-42006.43NTN♥4-1502.94
4♦W♣Q-1503.25♣W♠5-21004.42
2♠W♠2=1100.03♦xS♠A-25008.59
2♥S♣3+11400.23NTS♥8-1505.55
2♠W♣K+32004.34♠E♥9+14501.66
ΣButler / IMPsNS+9.8NS-17.14620
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
🇸🇪🇭🇷
4♠xE-23004.26
3♠E-1501.9
4♥S-11001.25
3♣E-21003.8
4♠S-1502.612
5♥E=6508.7
4♠N+16501.8
4♠N+16501.8
3NTE-52504.05
3♦W-1501.7
2NTS-21002.55
2♠N=1102.8
4♥W=6200.81
4♥W+16500.2
2♠N+21702.62
1NTE-21000.7
3NTN=4000.22
3NTS+24601.8
4NTN=6303.22
3NTN+36901.4
3NTN-42006.44
3NTN-1502.9
4♦W-1503.22
5♣W-21004.4
2♠W=1100.09
3♦xS-25008.5
2♥S+11400.25
3NTS-1505.5
2♠W+32004.36
4♠E+14501.6
ΣButler OpenNS+9.84620
Butler ClosedNS-17.1
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
🇸🇪 J.Matsson15+17.1+1.14
🇸🇪 S.Hult15+17.1+1.14
🇸🇪 J.Safsten15+9.8+0.65
🇸🇪 I.Gronkvist15+9.8+0.65
🇭🇷 A.Mijic15-9.8-0.65
🇭🇷 M.Grguric15-9.8-0.65
🇭🇷 K.Stefanec15-17.1-1.14
🇭🇷 M.Ferenca15-17.1-1.14

🇧🇬 BULGARIA vs 🇸🇰 SLOVAKIA 16.72 : 3.28 VP (match 82038) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSM.Andonov – G.Teneva EWJ.Kvocek – M.Vodicka
Closed room
NSJ.Jakabsic – R.Gabriel EWT.Pavlov – V.Yotov
BdOpen room
NSM.Andonov – G.Teneva EWJ.Kvocek – M.Vodicka
Closed room
NSJ.Jakabsic – R.Gabriel EWT.Pavlov – V.Yotov
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerBULGARIASLOVAKIA
4♥N♣2-1504.14♠E♥A-1501.93
4♥N♣K-11001.24♥N♣K-11001.2
5♥E♠K=6508.74♠xS♣K-11001.211
4♠S♥2+16501.83NTN♣5-220011.813
3♠S♣2-11005.23NTE♠Q-52504.08
3♦S♥2=1102.82♦xN♦4+12807.15
4♥W♥2+16500.24♥W♣8+16500.2
3♠S♠A=1401.74♥N♦K-21004.56
3NTS♥6+24601.83NTS♠4+14300.71
6♣N♦J=137010.93NTN♦4+26602.312
3NTN♥4+14307.33♣N♥2+11301.27
5♣xW♠2-23007.95♣W♥5=4006.612
3♠E♦K=1400.92♠E♦K+11400.9
2♥S♠Q+11400.22♥N♠Q+21700.71
2♠E♥9+32004.34♠W♣K+14501.66
ΣButler / IMPsNS+18.0NS-16.15728
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
🇧🇬🇸🇰
4♥N-1504.13
4♠E-1501.9
4♥N-11001.2
4♥N-11001.2
5♥E=6508.711
4♠xS-11001.2
4♠S+16501.813
3NTN-220011.8
3♠S-11005.28
3NTE-52504.0
3♦S=1102.85
2♦xN+12807.1
4♥W+16500.2
4♥W+16500.2
3♠S=1401.76
4♥N-21004.5
3NTS+24601.81
3NTS+14300.7
6♣N=137010.912
3NTN+26602.3
3NTN+14307.37
3♣N+11301.2
5♣xW-23007.912
5♣W=4006.6
3♠E=1400.9
2♠E+11400.9
2♥S+11400.21
2♥N+21700.7
2♠E+32004.36
4♠W+14501.6
ΣButler OpenNS+18.05728
Butler ClosedNS-16.1
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
🇧🇬 M.Andonov15+18.0+1.20
🇧🇬 G.Teneva15+18.0+1.20
🇧🇬 T.Pavlov15+16.1+1.07
🇧🇬 V.Yotov15+16.1+1.07
🇸🇰 J.Jakabsic15-16.1-1.07
🇸🇰 R.Gabriel15-16.1-1.07
🇸🇰 J.Kvocek15-18.0-1.20
🇸🇰 M.Vodicka15-18.0-1.20

🇫🇷 FRANCE vs 🇷🇺 RUSSIA 19.49 : 0.51 VP (match 82039) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSC.Deheeger – B.Combescure EWI.Postovalov – Z.Zvezdin
Closed room
NSM.Vinogradova – P.Smirnova EWA.Boulin – T.Guillemin
BdOpen room
NSC.Deheeger – B.Combescure EWI.Postovalov – Z.Zvezdin
Closed room
NSM.Vinogradova – P.Smirnova EWA.Boulin – T.Guillemin
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerFRANCERUSSIA
2♠E♠4=1105.54♥N♠A=4207.011
4♥N♣K-11001.24♥N♣K-11001.2
5♦W♠A-22007.16♥E♠K-11005.43
4♠N♠9+16501.84♠N♥7+16501.8
2♠S♥6=1100.03♣E♦2=1105.36
2♠N♦4=1102.83NTS♥7-31503.86
4♥W♦Q=6200.84♥W♠Q+16500.21
3♦E♣A-21000.71NTE♣A-42003.53
3NTS♠3+34902.76NTN♥Q-315011.012
3NTN♥J+36901.43NTN♦2+36901.4
3NTN♥4+14307.33NTN♥4-31505.011
5♣xW♠5-23007.93♣W♠5+11301.010
3♦xS♦3=67012.35♦xN♠Q-25008.515
3♥N♠Q+11700.71NTN♠Q+11201.02
4♠E♥9+14501.64♠E♥9+14501.6
ΣButler / IMPsNS+34.4NS-22.36614
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
🇫🇷🇷🇺
2♠E=1105.511
4♥N=4207.0
4♥N-11001.2
4♥N-11001.2
5♦W-22007.13
6♥E-11005.4
4♠N+16501.8
4♠N+16501.8
2♠S=1100.06
3♣E=1105.3
2♠N=1102.86
3NTS-31503.8
4♥W=6200.81
4♥W+16500.2
3♦E-21000.73
1NTE-42003.5
3NTS+34902.712
6NTN-315011.0
3NTN+36901.4
3NTN+36901.4
3NTN+14307.311
3NTN-31505.0
5♣xW-23007.910
3♣W+11301.0
3♦xS=67012.315
5♦xN-25008.5
3♥N+11700.72
1NTN+11201.0
4♠E+14501.6
4♠E+14501.6
ΣButler OpenNS+34.46614
Butler ClosedNS-22.3
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
🇫🇷 C.Deheeger15+34.4+2.29
🇫🇷 B.Combescure15+34.4+2.29
🇫🇷 A.Boulin15+22.3+1.49
🇫🇷 T.Guillemin15+22.3+1.49
🇷🇺 M.Vinogradova15-22.3-1.49
🇷🇺 P.Smirnova15-22.3-1.49
🇷🇺 I.Postovalov15-34.4-2.29
🇷🇺 Z.Zvezdin15-34.4-2.29

🇱🇻 LATVIA vs 🇪🇪 ESTONIA 8.47 : 11.53 VP (match 82040) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSK.Pruul – M.Maasik EWR.Maide – T.Piibeleht
Closed room
NSR.Zvorovski – M.Iher EWM.Balodis – J.Ilzins
BdOpen room
NSK.Pruul – M.Maasik EWR.Maide – T.Piibeleht
Closed room
NSR.Zvorovski – M.Iher EWM.Balodis – J.Ilzins
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerLATVIAESTONIA
3♠E♣5-1501.94♥N♦K=4207.09
5♥N♦8-22004.14♥N♠9-11001.23
5♥W♦6=6508.75♥xW♦6=85011.35
3NTS♣K-220011.84♠N♣A+16501.813
3NTE♠K-31501.21NTW♠J=905.16
2NTS♥8=1203.33♦S♥7-1501.15
4♥W♠Q=6200.84♥W♠Q+16500.21
3♦W♣3-21000.73♠N♦A-1503.44
3NTN♥5+14300.73NTN♠6+14300.7
3NTN♥J+36901.45♣N♦J+16203.42
3NTN♥4-42006.42♦N♠5+31501.38
5♣E♠K-21004.45♣W♥9=4006.611
3♠W♣A+11701.73♠E♦A=1400.91
1NTN♠Q+11201.03NTS♦J=4006.17
4♠E♥8+14501.65♣xN♦6-25003.32
ΣButler / IMPsNS-27.5NS-19.63641
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
🇱🇻🇪🇪
3♠E-1501.99
4♥N=4207.0
5♥N-22004.13
4♥N-11001.2
5♥W=6508.75
5♥xW=85011.3
3NTS-220011.813
4♠N+16501.8
3NTE-31501.26
1NTW=905.1
2NTS=1203.35
3♦S-1501.1
4♥W=6200.81
4♥W+16500.2
3♦W-21000.74
3♠N-1503.4
3NTN+14300.7
3NTN+14300.7
3NTN+36901.42
5♣N+16203.4
3NTN-42006.48
2♦N+31501.3
5♣E-21004.411
5♣W=4006.6
3♠W+11701.71
3♠E=1400.9
1NTN+11201.07
3NTS=4006.1
4♠E+14501.62
5♣xN-25003.3
ΣButler OpenNS-27.53641
Butler ClosedNS-19.6
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
🇪🇪 R.Maide15+27.5+1.83
🇪🇪 T.Piibeleht15+27.5+1.83
🇱🇻 M.Balodis15+19.6+1.31
🇱🇻 J.Ilzins15+19.6+1.31
🇪🇪 R.Zvorovski15-19.6-1.31
🇪🇪 M.Iher15-19.6-1.31
🇱🇻 K.Pruul15-27.5-1.83
🇱🇻 M.Maasik15-27.5-1.83

🇳🇱 NETHERLANDS vs 🇹🇷 TURKEY 20 : 0 VP (match 82041) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSV.Kiljan – L.Tijssen EWH.Kuscu – T.Sari
Closed room
NSS.Akdas – E.Imdat EWT.Sprinkhuizen – G.Mendes De Leon
BdOpen room
NSV.Kiljan – L.Tijssen EWH.Kuscu – T.Sari
Closed room
NSS.Akdas – E.Imdat EWT.Sprinkhuizen – G.Mendes De Leon
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerNETHERLANDSTURKEY
3♠E♠4-1501.95♣N♦3-21005.44
3♣E♠4-21003.84♥N♣K-11001.25
5♠S♣K-21001.24♠xS♠3-11001.2
4♠N♦7+16501.84♠N♦7+16501.8
3♣E♠K-42002.73NTE♠K-21000.33
2NTS♥7-31503.83♠N♦4-31503.8
4♥W♠Q+16500.24♥W♠Q+16500.2
3♦E♣A-21000.73♦E♣A-21000.7
3NTN♥Q+14300.73NTS♠2+14300.7
6♣S♦6=137010.93NTN♦2+36901.412
3NTS♠6+14307.33♣N♠5=1100.28
2♥N♣4-22002.75♣W♥3=4006.65
2♦S♥Q=904.24♠E♦A=62010.212
3NTS♦J=4006.12♥N♠Q+11400.26
3♠E♥9+11705.34♠E♥9+14501.67
ΣButler / IMPsNS+36.1NS-26.3620
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
🇳🇱🇹🇷
3♠E-1501.94
5♣N-21005.4
3♣E-21003.85
4♥N-11001.2
5♠S-21001.2
4♠xS-11001.2
4♠N+16501.8
4♠N+16501.8
3♣E-42002.73
3NTE-21000.3
2NTS-31503.8
3♠N-31503.8
4♥W+16500.2
4♥W+16500.2
3♦E-21000.7
3♦E-21000.7
3NTN+14300.7
3NTS+14300.7
6♣S=137010.912
3NTN+36901.4
3NTS+14307.38
3♣N=1100.2
2♥N-22002.75
5♣W=4006.6
2♦S=904.212
4♠E=62010.2
3NTS=4006.16
2♥N+11400.2
3♠E+11705.37
4♠E+14501.6
ΣButler OpenNS+36.1620
Butler ClosedNS-26.3
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
🇳🇱 V.Kiljan15+36.1+2.41
🇳🇱 L.Tijssen15+36.1+2.41
🇳🇱 T.Sprinkhuizen15+26.3+1.75
🇳🇱 G.Mendes De Leon15+26.3+1.75
🇹🇷 S.Akdas15-26.3-1.75
🇹🇷 E.Imdat15-26.3-1.75
🇹🇷 H.Kuscu15-36.1-2.41
🇹🇷 T.Sari15-36.1-2.41

🇦🇹 AUSTRIA vs 🇮🇱 ISRAEL 0.25 : 19.75 VP (match 82042) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSP.Crisafulli Sadaba – S.Hermann EWO.Toledano – A.Zamir
Closed room
NSI.Baniri – A.Yekutieli EWP.Scheberan – S.Thorpe
BdOpen room
NSP.Crisafulli Sadaba – S.Hermann EWO.Toledano – A.Zamir
Closed room
NSI.Baniri – A.Yekutieli EWP.Scheberan – S.Thorpe
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerAUSTRIAISRAEL
2♠E♣5=1105.54♠xE♣5-23004.29
4♥N♣K-11001.24♥N♣K-11001.2
4♠xS♣K-11001.25♦xE♠A-12007.17
4♠N♣8+16501.84♠N♠2+16501.8
5♣E♦2-21000.33NTW♠J-31501.22
2NTS♥7-21002.53♦S♥7=1102.85
4♥W♠Q+16500.24♥W♠Q+16500.2
1NTE♥6+11205.42♥W♦7-42003.58
3NTS♠3+14300.73NTN♣7=4000.21
3NTN♥J+36901.43NTN♦2+36901.4
3♣N♥3=1100.23NTN♥3+14307.38
5♣W♥3=4006.65♣xW♠5-23007.912
3♦S♦4=1104.63♠E♦A-11004.5
2♥S♠Q+11400.21NTW♥Q-21001.51
4♠W♣K+14501.63♠E♣K+22004.36
ΣButler / IMPsNS-16.4NS+40.1257
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
🇦🇹🇮🇱
2♠E=1105.59
4♠xE-23004.2
4♥N-11001.2
4♥N-11001.2
4♠xS-11001.27
5♦xE-12007.1
4♠N+16501.8
4♠N+16501.8
5♣E-21000.32
3NTW-31501.2
2NTS-21002.55
3♦S=1102.8
4♥W+16500.2
4♥W+16500.2
1NTE+11205.48
2♥W-42003.5
3NTS+14300.71
3NTN=4000.2
3NTN+36901.4
3NTN+36901.4
3♣N=1100.28
3NTN+14307.3
5♣W=4006.612
5♣xW-23007.9
3♦S=1104.6
3♠E-11004.5
2♥S+11400.21
1NTW-21001.5
4♠W+14501.66
3♠E+22004.3
ΣButler OpenNS-16.4257
Butler ClosedNS+40.1
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
🇮🇱 I.Baniri15+40.1+2.67
🇮🇱 A.Yekutieli15+40.1+2.67
🇮🇱 O.Toledano15+16.4+1.09
🇮🇱 A.Zamir15+16.4+1.09
🇦🇹 P.Crisafulli Sadaba15-16.4-1.09
🇦🇹 S.Hermann15-16.4-1.09
🇦🇹 P.Scheberan15-40.1-2.67
🇦🇹 S.Thorpe15-40.1-2.67

🇮🇪 IRELAND vs 🇨🇿 CZECH REPUBLIC 9.37 : 10.63 VP (match 82043) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSS.Barr – J.Connolly EWL.Kohutova – M.Botur
Closed room
NSJ.Vojtik – L.Kolek EWN.Doyle – DONNELLY MICHAEL
BdOpen room
NSS.Barr – J.Connolly EWL.Kohutova – M.Botur
Closed room
NSJ.Vojtik – L.Kolek EWN.Doyle – DONNELLY MICHAEL
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerIRELANDCZECH REPUBLIC
3♥N♠A=1400.64♠xE♣5-23004.24
4♥N♠9-11001.23♥N♠9=1404.96
4♠xS♠6-11001.24♥E♠K+16508.711
4♠N♣A+16501.84♠N♥7+16501.8
3♦W♠J-1501.73♣E♠K-1501.7
3♦S♥7=1102.82♥E♦Q=1102.96
4♥W♣9=6200.84♥W♦Q+16500.21
1NTE♣K-42003.51NTE♣A=904.47
3NTS♠3+14300.73NTS♠2=4000.21
3NTN♦2+36901.43NTN♥J+36901.4
2NTN♥4-21004.03NTN♠7=4006.811
5♣W♥9=4006.63♣W♠5=1100.37
3♦S♥Q-22002.53♦xS♠A=67012.313
2♥N♠Q+11400.21NTN♠Q=901.82
2♣N♦6+111010.14♠E♣5+14501.611
ΣButler / IMPsNS+3.9NS+6.83941
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
🇮🇪🇨🇿
3♥N=1400.64
4♠xE-23004.2
4♥N-11001.26
3♥N=1404.9
4♠xS-11001.211
4♥E+16508.7
4♠N+16501.8
4♠N+16501.8
3♦W-1501.7
3♣E-1501.7
3♦S=1102.86
2♥E=1102.9
4♥W=6200.81
4♥W+16500.2
1NTE-42003.57
1NTE=904.4
3NTS+14300.71
3NTS=4000.2
3NTN+36901.4
3NTN+36901.4
2NTN-21004.011
3NTN=4006.8
5♣W=4006.67
3♣W=1100.3
3♦S-22002.513
3♦xS=67012.3
2♥N+11400.22
1NTN=901.8
2♣N+111010.111
4♠E+14501.6
ΣButler OpenNS+3.93941
Butler ClosedNS+6.8
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
🇨🇿 J.Vojtik15+6.8+0.45
🇨🇿 L.Kolek15+6.8+0.45
🇮🇪 S.Barr15+3.9+0.26
🇮🇪 J.Connolly15+3.9+0.26
🇨🇿 L.Kohutova15-3.9-0.26
🇨🇿 M.Botur15-3.9-0.26
🇮🇪 N.Doyle15-6.8-0.45
🇮🇪 DONNELLY MICHAEL15-6.8-0.45

🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 SCOTLAND vs 🇮🇹 ITALY 10.63 : 9.37 VP (match 82044) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSR.Valentine – L.Obrien EWA.Calmanovici – A.Manganella
Closed room
NSS.Scata – G.Donati EWG.Falconer – A.Chow
BdOpen room
NSR.Valentine – L.Obrien EWA.Calmanovici – A.Manganella
Closed room
NSS.Scata – G.Donati EWG.Falconer – A.Chow
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerSCOTLANDITALY
4♠xE♥A-23004.24♠xE♣5-35008.45
4♥N♠9-11001.24♥N♣K-11001.2
5♦E♠A-11005.44♠S♥2=42010.98
4♠N♦7+16501.84♠N♦7+16501.8
3NTW♠J-31501.23♦E♠K-31501.2
2♠N♦4-1501.12NTS♥7-21002.52
4♥W♠Q+16500.24♥W♠Q+16500.2
3♦E♣A-1500.91NTE♣A=904.44
3NTN♥Q+24601.83NTS♥4+14300.71
3NTN♦6+36901.43NTN♦2+36901.4
3NTN♥4+14307.33NTN♥4-31505.011
3♣W♠5=1100.33♣W♠5=1100.3
2♦S♦2-11000.03NTS♠6-22002.53
2♥S♦J+11400.23NTS♣3=4006.16
4♠W♥9+14501.64♠E♣6+14501.6
ΣButler / IMPsNS+14.8NS+10.02119
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿🇮🇹
4♠xE-23004.25
4♠xE-35008.4
4♥N-11001.2
4♥N-11001.2
5♦E-11005.48
4♠S=42010.9
4♠N+16501.8
4♠N+16501.8
3NTW-31501.2
3♦E-31501.2
2♠N-1501.12
2NTS-21002.5
4♥W+16500.2
4♥W+16500.2
3♦E-1500.94
1NTE=904.4
3NTN+24601.81
3NTS+14300.7
3NTN+36901.4
3NTN+36901.4
3NTN+14307.311
3NTN-31505.0
3♣W=1100.3
3♣W=1100.3
2♦S-11000.03
3NTS-22002.5
2♥S+11400.26
3NTS=4006.1
4♠W+14501.6
4♠E+14501.6
ΣButler OpenNS+14.82119
Butler ClosedNS+10.0
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 R.Valentine15+14.8+0.99
🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 L.Obrien15+14.8+0.99
🇮🇹 S.Scata15+10.0+0.67
🇮🇹 G.Donati15+10.0+0.67
🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 G.Falconer15-10.0-0.67
🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿 A.Chow15-10.0-0.67
🇮🇹 A.Calmanovici15-14.8-0.99
🇮🇹 A.Manganella15-14.8-0.99

🇫🇮 FINLAND vs 🇵🇱 POLAND 1.19 : 18.81 VP (match 82045) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSA.Nieminen – A.Koivu EWJ.Patreuha – P.Patreuha
Closed room
NSB.Krawczyk – M.Szymanski EWM.Myllaeri – G.Ahlvik
BdOpen room
NSA.Nieminen – A.Koivu EWJ.Patreuha – P.Patreuha
Closed room
NSB.Krawczyk – M.Szymanski EWM.Myllaeri – G.Ahlvik
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerFINLANDPOLAND
3♠E♣5=1406.43♠xE♠7-11000.56
4♥N♣K-11001.24♥S♦K-11001.2
5♥E♥8+16809.04♠S♥5-1502.612
4♠N♣A+16501.84♠N♠9+16501.8
3NTE♠K-42002.73♣E♠K-1501.74
3NTxS♥7-350010.61NTS♥7+11203.312
4♥W♦Q+16500.24♥W♦Q=6200.81
2♥W♦7-21000.72♠N♦A+21702.62
3NTS♠A-1509.73NTN♥3+24601.811
3NTN♥5+26602.33NTN♥J+36901.41
3♣N♥4=1100.23NTN♥2-31505.06
5♣W♥9=4006.63♣W♠6=1100.37
3♦S♣K-11000.03♣S♠A-22002.53
2NTN♠Q-1505.52♥N♠Q+21700.76
4♠W♣K+14501.64♠E♣6+14501.6
ΣButler / IMPsNS-47.7NS-0.61358
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
🇫🇮🇵🇱
3♠E=1406.46
3♠xE-11000.5
4♥N-11001.2
4♥S-11001.2
5♥E+16809.012
4♠S-1502.6
4♠N+16501.8
4♠N+16501.8
3NTE-42002.74
3♣E-1501.7
3NTxS-350010.612
1NTS+11203.3
4♥W+16500.21
4♥W=6200.8
2♥W-21000.72
2♠N+21702.6
3NTS-1509.711
3NTN+24601.8
3NTN+26602.31
3NTN+36901.4
3♣N=1100.26
3NTN-31505.0
5♣W=4006.67
3♣W=1100.3
3♦S-11000.03
3♣S-22002.5
2NTN-1505.56
2♥N+21700.7
4♠W+14501.6
4♠E+14501.6
ΣButler OpenNS-47.71358
Butler ClosedNS-0.6
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
🇵🇱 J.Patreuha15+47.7+3.18
🇵🇱 P.Patreuha15+47.7+3.18
🇫🇮 M.Myllaeri15+0.6+0.04
🇫🇮 G.Ahlvik15+0.6+0.04
🇵🇱 B.Krawczyk15-0.6-0.04
🇵🇱 M.Szymanski15-0.6-0.04
🇫🇮 A.Nieminen15-47.7-3.18
🇫🇮 A.Koivu15-47.7-3.18

🇳🇴 NORWAY vs 🇵🇹 PORTUGAL 9.06 : 10.94 VP (match 82046) PBN↑ top

Open room
NSC.Bakke – E.Flatt EWM.Ribeiro – J.Moraes
Closed room
NSM.Ferreira – C.Pimenta EWJ.Saether – M.Scheie
BdOpen room
NSC.Bakke – E.Flatt EWM.Ribeiro – J.Moraes
Closed room
NSM.Ferreira – C.Pimenta EWJ.Saether – M.Scheie
IMPs
ContractByLeadResNSEWButlerContractByLeadResNSEWButlerNORWAYPORTUGAL
4NTN♠A-31506.43♠E♦2-1501.95
4♥N♣K-11001.23NTS♦2=60011.912
4♠S♦3-1502.65♦xW♦2-12007.16
4♠N♠2+26802.74♠N♠2+16501.81
5♣E♦2-21000.33NTW♦2-42002.73
2NTS♥7=1203.32♦S♠2+21303.6
4♥W♠Q+16500.24♥W♥2+16500.2
3♦E♣A-21000.73♦E♣A-21000.7
3NTN♥2+34902.73NTN♥2+24601.81
6♣S♦J=137010.93NTS♥3+36901.412
3NTN♥4+14307.33NTN♥2-42006.412
3♣W♠5=1100.35♣W♦2=4006.67
3♦S♠A-11000.03♠W♦2+11701.72
1NTN♠Q+11201.01NTS♦J+11201.0
2♥xN♦6-4110012.74♠E♦2+14501.612
ΣButler / IMPsNS+8.1NS+8.83538
BdContByResNSEWButlerIMP
🇳🇴🇵🇹
4NTN-31506.45
3♠E-1501.9
4♥N-11001.212
3NTS=60011.9
4♠S-1502.66
5♦xW-12007.1
4♠N+26802.71
4♠N+16501.8
5♣E-21000.33
3NTW-42002.7
2NTS=1203.3
2♦S+21303.6
4♥W+16500.2
4♥W+16500.2
3♦E-21000.7
3♦E-21000.7
3NTN+34902.71
3NTN+24601.8
6♣S=137010.912
3NTS+36901.4
3NTN+14307.312
3NTN-42006.4
3♣W=1100.37
5♣W=4006.6
3♦S-11000.02
3♠W+11701.7
1NTN+11201.0
1NTS+11201.0
2♥xN-4110012.712
4♠E+14501.6
ΣButler OpenNS+8.13538
Butler ClosedNS+8.8
Player Butler in this match
PlayerBdsTotalAvg
🇵🇹 M.Ferreira15+8.8+0.59
🇵🇹 C.Pimenta15+8.8+0.59
🇳🇴 C.Bakke15+8.1+0.54
🇳🇴 E.Flatt15+8.1+0.54
🇵🇹 M.Ribeiro15-8.1-0.54
🇵🇹 J.Moraes15-8.1-0.54
🇳🇴 J.Saether15-8.8-0.59
🇳🇴 M.Scheie15-8.8-0.59
Board 1board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ –
♥ K9862
♦ J873
♣ AJ84
♠ 8532
♥ QT7
♦ Q965
♣ T9
1
Dlr N
None
♠ AQJT96
♥ J4
♦ K2
♣ K62
♠ K74
♥ A53
♦ AT4
♣ Q753
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N7510810
S7510810
E68343
W68343
Minimax (par): NS +300: 4♠Ex-2 4♠Wx-2
Board 2board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ A87
♥ AQ987
♦ 953
♣ J3
♠ QJT63
♥ J4
♦ KQJT
♣ 65
2
Dlr E
N-S
♠ 92
♥ T2
♦ 862
♣ KQT942
♠ K54
♥ K653
♦ A74
♣ A87
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N96976
S96976
E46467
W46467
Minimax (par): NS +500: 4♣Ex-3 4♣Wx-3
Board 3board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ A9852
♥ J97
♦ 6
♣ T843
♠ 643
♥ K65
♦ T8753
♣ K2
3
Dlr S
E-W
♠ –
♥ AT432
♦ KQJ
♣ AJ965
♠ KQJT7
♥ Q8
♦ A942
♣ Q7
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N69223
S69223
E7411109
W7411109
Minimax (par): NS -300: 5♠Nx-2 5♠Sx-2
Board 4board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ AJT64
♥ JT864
♦ A3
♣ 4
♠ 753
♥ A3
♦ J54
♣ KQT52
4
Dlr W
Both
♠ 92
♥ 9752
♦ QT7
♣ A987
♠ KQ8
♥ KQ
♦ K9862
♣ J63
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N7111085
S7111085
E62247
W62247
Minimax (par): NS +650: 4♠N+1 4♠S+1
Board 5board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ J9
♥ A8753
♦ QJ94
♣ 83
♠ A8
♥ 62
♦ KT763
♣ QJ95
5
Dlr N
N-S
♠ 652
♥ KQJ9
♦ A85
♣ AT6
♠ KQT743
♥ T4
♦ 2
♣ K742
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N47544
S47544
E75788
W76788
Minimax (par): NS -90: 2♣♦E= 2♣♦W=
Board 6board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ 9843
♥ QJ5
♦ T9532
♣ T
♠ K765
♥ 76
♦ AK8
♣ J954
6
Dlr E
E-W
♠ Q2
♥ KT9432
♦ 4
♣ A862
♠ AJT
♥ A8
♦ QJ76
♣ KQ73
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N67595
S67595
E66848
W65848
Minimax (par): NS +110: 3♦N= 3♦S=
Board 7board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ QJ7
♥ T82
♦ QJ632
♣ 98
♠ 6
♥ KJ6543
♦ AT4
♣ K73
7
Dlr S
Both
♠ AKT8
♥ Q97
♦ 7
♣ QJ654
♠ 95432
♥ A
♦ K985
♣ AT2
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N57282
S57282
E7611511
W7611511
Minimax (par): NS -650: 4♥E+1 4♥W+1
Board 8board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ AQT65
♥ J82
♦ 74
♣ 763
♠ K873
♥ Q954
♦ 32
♣ T95
8
Dlr W
None
♠ 42
♥ A73
♦ AKJT96
♣ Q8
♠ J9
♥ KT6
♦ Q85
♣ AKJ42
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N99869
S99869
E43574
W43574
Minimax (par): NS +400: 3NTN= 3NTS=
Board 9board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ J974
♥ AK5
♦ T6
♣ A962
♠ KQ832
♥ 4
♦ Q984
♣ KT5
9
Dlr N
E-W
♠ 6
♥ QJ7632
♦ 53
♣ 8743
♠ AT5
♥ T98
♦ AKJ72
♣ QJ
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N10109108
S10109119
E33423
W33423
Minimax (par): NS +430: 3NTN+1 3NTS+1
Board 10board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ T8643
♥ AKQ
♦ AK8
♣ 73
♠ J92
♥ 754
♦ JT753
♣ KT
10
Dlr E
Both
♠ KQ5
♥ JT3
♦ Q962
♣ 652
♠ A7
♥ 9862
♦ 4
♣ AQJ984
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N101012712
S101012712
E13161
W13161
Minimax (par): NS +1430: 6♥N= 6♥S=
Board 11board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ KQT
♥ A9
♦ J3
♣ KJT432
♠ 8632
♥ QT5
♦ KQ5
♣ 765
11
Dlr S
None
♠ 975
♥ K7642
♦ AT8
♣ Q8
♠ AJ4
♥ J83
♦ 97642
♣ A9
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N1087810
S1087810
E34653
W34653
Minimax (par): NS +430: 3NTN+1 3NTS+1
Board 12board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ 965
♥ 98643
♦ AQ
♣ QJ4
♠ Q873
♥ AQT2
♦ 7
♣ A732
12
Dlr W
N-S
♠ J2
♥ –
♦ KJ9863
♣ KT865
♠ AKT4
♥ KJ75
♦ T542
♣ 9
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N55843
S56843
E87589
W87589
Minimax (par): NS -120: 2NTE= 2NTW=
Board 13board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ 5432
♥ J972
♦ T75
♣ A6
♠ AT6
♥ Q4
♦ Q6432
♣ KQ4
13
Dlr N
Both
♠ QJ987
♥ A8653
♦ –
♣ 982
♠ K
♥ KT
♦ AKJ98
♣ JT753
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N53487
S53487
E89946
W89946
Minimax (par): NS -140: 2♥♠E+1 2♥♠W+1
Board 14board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ K6
♥ QJT94
♦ 852
♣ KJ9
♠ A87
♥ 862
♦ JT3
♣ QT63
14
Dlr E
None
♠ QJT9
♥ K53
♦ 9764
♣ A8
♠ 5432
♥ A7
♦ AKQ
♣ 7542
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N881089
S881089
E55354
W55354
Minimax (par): NS +420: 4♥N= 4♥S=
Board 15board records → · view → also played in: U21 Teams
♠ K9
♥ K765
♦ A
♣ KQJ873
♠ QT5
♥ AJ43
♦ KT7
♣ AT2
15
Dlr S
N-S
♠ AJ8732
♥ QT2
♦ J964
♣ –
♠ 64
♥ 98
♦ Q8532
♣ 9654
Makeable tricks
NT♠♥♦♣
N22248
S22248
E9111094
W9111095
Minimax (par): NS -450: 4♠E+1 4♠W+1